The Moto2 World Championship is the intermediate class of Grand Prix motorcycle racing held on road circuits sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM). Independent motorcycle racing events have taken place since the start of the twentieth century and gave significant national events the title of a Grand Prix.

The foundation of the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme as the international governing body for motorcycle sport in 1949 provided the opportunity to coordinate rules and regulations so that selected events could count towards official World Championships. It is the oldest established motorsport world championship.

Grand Prix motorcycles are purpose-built racing machines unavailable for purchase by the general public, in contrast to the various production-based racing categories which feature modified versions of road-going motorcycles. The current top division has been MotoGP since 2002 when the four-stroke era began. Before that, the premier class was 500cc, forming a historical continuum as the official World Championship, although all classes have official status.

The championship has four classes: the eponymous MotoGP, Moto2, Moto3 and MotoE. The first three classes use four-stroke engines, while the MotoE class (new in 2019) uses electric motorcycles.

Moto2 was initially a 600cc four-stroke class introduced in 2010 to replace the traditional 250cc two-stroke class. Engines are supplied exclusively by a single manufacturer, tires by Dunlop and electronics are limited and provided only by FIM-sanctioned producers. Carbon brake discs are banned; only steel brake discs are allowed. However, there are no chassis limitations. Until 2019, only 600cc four-stroke Moto2 machines were allowed.

In 2019 the engine was changed to a 765cc displacement with three cylinders, contrasting with the previous 600cc in-line four.